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Anchors aweigh
Meaning
Said in preparation of getting underway, especially of a ship.
Origin
There is some doubt in the public mind as to how this phrase should be spelled. Internet searches for 'anchors away' bring up many thousands of hits. The correct spelling is 'anchors aweigh'. As with other frequently seen misspellings, like 'baited breath' and 'just desserts', the 'away' version does make some intuitive sense. The supposed shout of 'anchors away' fits well with the image of ropes being cast off and the anchor being hoisted as a ship prepares to sail away across the sea. There's some justification for assuming the 'away' spelling, as the first known usage of the term in print comes from John Smith's A Sea Grammar, 1627, in which Smith uses that form:
'What is the Anchor away?'
The meaning of the word was nevertheless not the same as the current 'away - removed to a distance' meaning, but rather the 'aweigh - being weighed' meaning.
The word 'aweigh' or, as it was often spelled in early citations, 'a-weigh', is now only used in this little phrase. An anchor that is aweigh is one that has just begun to put weight onto the rope or chain by which it is being hauled up. Sailors were fond of adding 'a' to words to make new ones, for example, 'astern', 'aboard', ashore', 'afloat', 'adrift', 'aground', etc.
'A-weigh' is synonymous with the old an now defunct terms 'a-peak' and 'a-trip'. 'A-peak' was the Anglicized version of the French 'a pic', i.e. vertical. It is easy to see why the French chose the word vertical to describe an anchor which was being hauled onboard ship. 'A-trip' just meant 'about to be underway', i.e. 'on a trip'. This wasn't only reserved for anchors, 'a-trip' was a general sailing term that was used for anything that was about to begin.
Admiral William Henry Smyth, in his nautical dictionary The Sailor's Word-Book, 1867, listed this entry for 'A-trip':
"The anchor is a-trip, or a-weigh, where the purchase has just made it break ground, or raised it clear. Sails are a-trip when they are hoisted from the cap [a thick block of wood], sheeted home, and ready for trimming"...
and for 'Apeek':
"A ship drawn directly over the anchor is apeek"...
The earliest known citation that refers to an anchor being 'aweigh' is in an exchange between two characters in John Dryden's The Tempest, 1670:
Trincalo: Is the Anchor a Peek?
Stephano: Is a weigh! is a weigh.
The song Anchors Aweigh was composed by Charles A. Zimmerman in 1906 with lyrics written by Alfred Hart Miles. It was adopted as the official song of the United States Navy:
Stand Navy down the field, sails set to the sky.
We'll never change our course, so Army you steer shy-y-y-y.
Roll up the score, Navy, Anchors Aweigh.
Sail Navy down the field and sink the Army, sink the Army Grey.
Anchors Aweigh was also a popular musical comedy film of 1945, starring Frank Sinatra and Gene Kelly.