The bane of one's life

Meaning

The agent of ruin or woe.

Origin

We don't often use the word bane any longer and when we do it is likely to be as part of 'the bane of my/his/her life'. This is usually uttered as a complaint against a not very serious threat, for example, a gardener might complain "those slugs are the bane of my life". Baneful threats weren't always so causal. 'Bane' is a very ancient word, recorded in the Old English Chronicles as early as circa 800, meaning 'murderer'. The bane of one's life in those days was a very real threat to one's existence.

Over time, the term bane came to mean 'that which causes death' and specifically, poison. This is still with us in the names of various poisonous plants, for example Henbane (Hyoscyamus niger), Wolfsbane (Aconitum) and the unpleasant sounding Ratsbane, which is another name for rat poison i.e. arsenic.

The earliest recorded use that I can find of 'the bane of someone's life' comes from a date at which we can assume he really meant it - Gabriel Harvey's Foure Letters and certaine Sonnets, 1592:

"He that like a Lacedemonian, or Romane, accounteth Infamy worse than death, would be loath to emprove his courage, or to employ his patience, in digestinge the pestilent bane of his life."